Module 5 Unit 14 Careers 高三复习学案
汇总 备课组长 2011/2/20 词汇用法
1．charge vt.收费，要价；控告；n.负责，费用
charge sb.some money for sth. charge sb.with sth.
in(the) charge of take charge of get charged 带电的
完成句子①He ________ me 100 dollars ________ this coat.这件外套他要我一百美元。 ②The driver ________ ________ ________ speeding.司机被控超速驾车。
③Soon he will ________ ________ ________ ________ the department.他会来负责管理这个部门。 区别并比较④Mr Green is ________ ________ ________ this factory.
This factory is ________ ________ ________ ________ Mr Green.这个工厂由格林先生负责。 2. aid vt.帮助，援助，支援(比help 较正式)
n．(U)援助，救助first aid急救；(C)有帮助的东西 hearing aid 助听器 with the aid of...＝with the help of...；在……的帮助下come to one’s aid来帮助某人 搭配：aid sb. aid sb.in/with... aid sb.to do assist sb.to do sth. assist sb.in doing sth. help sb.to do sth. 3.appoint vt.任命，指定，约定；appointment n．约会，约定
appoint sb.(as/to be)... appoint sb. to do... keep/break an appointment The Mayor will appoint a new police chief.市长将任命新的警察局长。 He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为市长。
We must appoint a new teacher at once to teach in the mountain school. 我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。 4.grasp vt.理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧；n.理解，掌握 grasp sth.
within/beyond one’s grasp在/超出某人的掌控 have a good grasp of...精通……
5.commit vt.犯(罪)，做(错事等)；使承担义务；使作出保证；使表态[＋to]；拨出，指定……用于[(＋to)]
commit(time/money/oneself) to (doing) sth. commit a mistake/crime
6．operate v．操作，运转，开动，起作用，经营，管理；vi. 动手术，开刀；n.operation operate sth.经营……，负责……，使……运转 operate on sb./sth.给……动手术
operate on sb.for sth.给某人动……手术
give/perform an operation on sb./sth.给……动手术 7．bother vt.烦扰，打搅，使恼怒，使困惑，使不安；vi.烦 恼，担心，麻烦，费心；n.麻烦
bother sb.with/about sth. bother about sth. bother to do/doing sth. It bothers sb. that... 8consult vt.& vi.向……咨询；查阅
consult with sb.与某人商量 consult on/about sth.就某事进行磋商 consult sb.about sth.向某人请教，咨询某事 9.respond vi.回复，回答，回应
respond to...对……回答，对……有反应 respond＋that clause 回答……
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我提的建议报以一笑。 He responded that he would be pleased to attend.他回答说他很高兴出席。 response n．回答，反应
in response to 作为对……的回应，回答 give/make no response to...对……不予回答
They made a quick response to my inquiry.他们对我的询问很快作了答复。 10.surrounding adj.周围的，附近的；n.(pl.)周围的事情(或情况)；环境
指周围的事情、情况或环境时，surrounding必须用复数形式surroundings；environment也可指环境，常用于指影响人们生活的情况、环境等，尤指自然环境，如：土地、空气、水等。 I visited Beijing and the surrounding countryside in a few months. 我用了几个月的时间考察了北京及其近郊。
Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园里的动物没有自然环境。
11.envy n．& vt.妒忌，羡慕，妒忌对象 envy sb.(for) sth.妒忌或羡慕某人某事 feel envy at...对……感到妒忌或羡慕out of envy出于妒忌
become the envy of...成为……羡慕的目标 Britain’s National Health Service was once the envy of the world.英国的全民健康服务系统曾经令全世界的人羡慕。
12.distinguish vt.& vi.区别
be distinguished by以……为特征 be distinguished for以……而著名 distinguish between A and B区别A、B distinguish A from B区别A、B distinguish oneself表现突出
The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生儿长得很像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。
She distinguished herself in the debate. 她在辩论中口才出众。 类似表达：
tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B之间的不同
tell A from B把A与B区分开来 tell A and B apart把A与B区分开 Now I am old enough to tell right from wrong. 现在我能够辨别是非了。 13.bother vt.烦扰，打扰；vi.烦恼，操心；n.麻烦，烦扰，不便 bother (sb.) about/with...
(使某人)为……而操心，(使某人)为……而费事 bother sb.to do sth.纠缠某人做某事 a bother to sb.使某人烦恼的事
Don’t bother yourself about me；I am doing quite well. 别为我操心，我一切都好。
14.sense n．感觉；意识；观念
get a sense of 想……；考虑…… sense of touch/hearing触觉/听觉
make sense讲得通；有道理；有意义 make sense of sth.懂；了解……的含义 in a (some) sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 in no sense决不
come to one’s senses醒过来；醒悟过来 There’s no sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 15. due to 因为，由于
be due to do sth.预期发生某事，计划做某事 be due to因为，由于
Most of the problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。 The meeting isn’t due to start until three. 会议预计要到3点钟才开始。 16. rather than宁愿，更喜欢；而不是 【精讲拓展】
(1)连接两个主语时，谓语动词和前面的保持一致。 He，rather than you，is to blame.他而不是你该受责备。 (2)相关句型：
would rather do than do prefer to do rather than do prefer doing rather than doing等。
重点句型
1．The_instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room. 她刚停止提问，我就站起来，离开了房间。 【精讲拓展】
the instant 在句中充当连词，引导时间状语从句，表示 一……就……。类似的用法还有the moment，the minute，the second等，另外as soon as，immediately， hardly...when，no sooner...than也可以表示此意思。
I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it.我一听到此消息，便通知你了。
Telephone me the instant (that) you get the results. 你一得到结果，就给我打电话。
2．I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that. 我感觉像那样一直站着真像场战斗。
it为形式宾语，a real battle为名词作宾补，真正的宾语为 being on my feet all the time like that。 句型：主语＋find/think＋it＋adj./n.＋to do/doing 某人认为某事怎么样 I think it our duty to study hard.我认为努力学习是我们的责任。
I find it very difficult to get along with him. 我发现和他相处很难。
3．That is the importance of being a journalist，...That is exactly what Wang Junyan has been doing as the face of Universe TV. 那就是我意识到当记者的重要性的时候……这也是王君燕 成为环球电视的一员后一直努力的。 when I realised...a journalist/what Wang Junyan has been doing...为表语从句。
引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词，
关系代词what，以及as if，as though，because等连词。The fact is that he doesn’t really try.事实是他没有做真正的努力。
One advantage of playing the guitar is ________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (上海，35)
A．how B．why C．that D．when
解析：that引导表语从句，在句中只起连接作用，不做任何成分，一般不能省略。答案：C
Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer ________ it was 20 years ago，________，it was so poorly equipped. A．what；when B．that；which C．what；which D．which；that
解析：what 引导表语从句，作表语。when 表示当……时候，表示不再像20年前设备简陋的时候那样了。答案：A
4．So begins Alivin Toffler’s book Future Shock，...阿尔文·托夫勒 所写的《未来的冲击》一书是这样开头的。
此句是一个完全倒装句，即整个谓语提到主语之前。正常语序 为： Alivin Toffler’s book Future Shock begins so.
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
5．There are currently over 100,000,000 computers in the world
and by 2020 there will be 10 times more.目前世界上已有一亿 多电脑，到2020年电脑数量将超过这个数字的十倍。
倍数表达除三种基本表达外还有：“The＋名词＋of＋A＋be＋倍数＋what” The output of the car in June was four times what it was in March. 六月份的汽车产量是三月份的4倍。
Module 5 Unit 14同步辅导
1. Make up information about yourself. (P24) Make out you understand something when you don’t! (P24) [指点迷津] 常见的由make 构成的短语： make up 编造，弥补，和解，构成，组成；make out 弄清楚，辨认出，理解，假装；make fun of sb. 取笑某人；make up for弥补；be made of / from / out of由……制成；make a choice 作出选择；make a decision 作出决定；make a face / faces做鬼脸；make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误；make a promise许诺，答应；make up one’s mind决心； make a joke about /of开玩笑；make a / one’s living谋生，度日；make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友；make progress 取得进步；make use of利用；make some / no difference有些 / 没有影响(或关系)； make a good effort作很大的努力；make it做到，成功；make way for 给……让路；make sure 确保。
2. This paid off because she won an award for the report. (P26) [指点迷津1] 常见的由pay构成的短语： pay off付清，偿清(欠债等)，得到好结果，成功；pay back 偿还，报复，惩罚；pay attention to注意；pay for付……的钱，为……付出代价，吃亏； pay a visit to 参观，拜访。 [身临其境] As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage (抵押贷款) on our ruined house. (山东2007) Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship. (安徽2007) Every effort should be paid back. (重庆2005) [指点迷津2] award 作名词，意为 “奖金，奖品”, 其义与prize相似，常指因做出某项成就而获奖。也可以作动词，意为“发给，给予(奖品)；(法院)判给”等。 [知识拓展] reward 作名词，意为 “报酬，酬金(可以是金钱或非金钱的)”。作动词，意为 “给……报酬，授予……某种荣誉”。 [身临其境] She was awarded a prize in Brazil. (山东 2008)