新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第一册单词表
Unit 1 Section A Learning a Foreign Language
Words and Expressions
<1>reward |vt. |give sth. in return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts. |他的努力得到了可观的回报。
It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you. |如果你想要人们继续努力工作，就有必要奖励他们的工作。 |n. |[C, U] sth. as a return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报
As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. |因为通过了考试，父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。
She got no reward for all the hard work she did. |她辛苦的工作并没有得到嘉奖
<2> rewarding |a. |giving sb. satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意义的
Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone. |锻炼身体对每个人都会有好处。 She finds her career very rewarding. |她觉得自己的工作很有意义。
<3>frustrate |vt. |1. cause sb. to have feelings of disappointment |使沮丧，使灰心
The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police. |警方因案件缺乏证据而感到伤脑筋。 The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away. |学习一门新语言的困难使那些想立即使用那种语言的学生沮丧不已。 2. cause the failure of sth. |使挫败，使受挫折
The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out. |坏天气使我们打消了外出的念头。 The police frustrated his attempt to escape. |警方挫败了他逃跑的企图。
<4>junior |a. |having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较低的
She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions. |她从本地一家报社当初级记者干起，通过努力职位不断上升。
Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school. |学生在小学上六年，初中上三年。
|n. |1. [C] sb. who is younger |年少者
He is my junior by several years. |他比我小几岁。
She married a man seven years her junior. |她跟一个比自己小7岁的男人结了婚。 2. [C] sb. of low or lower position |（地位或等级）较低者；晚辈
She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior. |她一年前到公司工作，现在是我的下属。 The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing. |那位上司早该清楚自己下属的所作所为。
<5>positive |a. |1. helpful and encouraging in achieving sth. |积极的
Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good. |大家都向玛丽讨教，因为众所周知她总是态度积极,
会使大家感觉良好。
We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty. |我们必须采取积极措施改善贫困家庭的处境。
2. definite; allowing no room for doubt |确实的，明确的
It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive. |这在我看来是不可能的，但她却非常肯定。
I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake. |我没有错，这一点我绝对肯定。
<6>senior |a. |having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较高的
Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year. |学生在中学高年级结束之后离校。 The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business. |代表团由教育界和工商界的资深人士组成。
|n. |1. [C] sb. who is older |较年长者
Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store. |老人在该百货店可得到九折的优惠。 Her husband was nine years her senior. |她丈夫比她大9岁。
2. [C] sb. of high or higher position |（地位或等级）较高者；长辈
Only the seniors made the decisions among us. |在我们中间只有年资较高的人才有决定权。 The three vice ministers are my seniors. |三位副部长都是我的上司。
<7>former |a. |of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，旧时的
In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain. |以前，在英国小偷被处以绞刑。 The park has been reduced to half its former size. |公园的规模已被缩减到以前的一半大了。 |n. |(the ~) the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者
Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely. |在小变化和大变化两者之中，前者的可能性更大。
Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular. |如果让大家选择是要白T恤还是绿T恤，大多数会选择前者，因为绿色不流行。
<8>unlike |prep. |not like; different from |不像；和...不同
He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew. |他坚毅、稳健，跟她认识的其他男人不一样。
Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work. |她最近的报告与以前的大不相同。
<9>intimidate |vt. |create a feeling of fear |恐吓，威胁
They intimidated him into doing what they wanted. |他们胁迫他干他们要干的事。 John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth. |约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。
<10>opportunity |n. |[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth. |机会，时机 | |He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons. |他喜爱音乐，但因家里太穷，他没有机会去学。 | |All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability. |他需要的只是展现自己才能的机会。
<11>online |a. |connected to other computers through the Internet |联线的；联网的；在线的 He took an online course to improve his English. |他选了网上课程以提高英语水平。 The result of the online survey has proved to be positive. |在线调查结果证明是积极的。 |ad. |doing sth. online |联线地；联网地
I'll just go online and look up her address. |我刚好要上网查她的地址。 Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online. | 现今，顾客80%以上的咨询都给予在线答复。
<12>communication |n. |[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交际；通讯
Mobile phone is an important means of communication. |手机是重要的通讯工具。
Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old. |代沟的产生是由于青老年间缺乏交流。
<13>medium |n. |[C] (pl. media or mediums) a method for giving information |媒介，媒体 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions. |电视是传递消息和观点的媒体。 Light travels through the medium of air. |光通过空气传送。 |a. |of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的
They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city. |他们在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。 What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他适合穿哪个尺码的衬衣——大号还是中号？
<14>modem |n. |[C] |调制解调器
He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer. |他买计算机时忘记拿调制解调器了。 A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet. |连接因特网必须用调制解调器。
<15>access |n. |1. [U] the right to have or use sth. |享用权
The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free. |这个学校里的人可以免费使用那间电脑室。
Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans. |学生可以选择多种课程以满足他们的个人兴趣和职业规划。 2. [U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口
That is the only access into the building. |这是通向大楼的唯一通道。
The road was the only access into and out of the small village. |这条路是进出这个小村子的唯一通道。
<16>participate |vi. |take part |参与，参加 | |Some members refused to participate. |有些成员拒绝参加。 | |Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest. |只有年满8岁或8岁以上的人才可参加拼写比赛。
<17>virtual |a. |1. created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虚拟的 This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology. |该设备有助于提高虚拟现实技术的实用性和易用性。