关联词语
要使句子与句子之间的意思互相连接，就需要有关联词语。没有关联词语，读者就很容易弄糊涂。这些关联词语帮助读者推断出文章中接下来将会发生什么。 以下是句子之间常见的几种关联词。
1. 顺序关联词语表明想法或行为的顺序。常用来表示时间顺序的词语有first, second,
finally, now, in the end等。
The programme has several aims: first, to help unemployed people find work; second, to teach new mothers about nutrition; and third, to help young people develop problem solving skills. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine. In the end, $100 million was raised. 2. 因果关联词语表示做某事的原因或结果。常用来表示原因和结果的词语有for one thing,
therefore, so, as a result等。
Reporter: Why did you organize the concert?
Bob: Well, for one thing, I wanted to raise money for the hungry people. Also,
I wanted to raise public awareness of poverty and famine.Very often, people who receive food aid become lazy and do not want a job, so it is possible that the gift of a single meal sometimes causes more than good.These people will be given a chance to help themselves instead of being dependent on other people. As a result, they will enjoy a higher standard of living.
3. 对照关联词语也是句子间重要的关联词语。这些词语用来引起与前句意思相反的意思。
常用的对照关联词语包括however, in contrast, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand等。
Poverty is still killing people. However, these small victories are a good start towards a better future.
Many people believe that hunger is only a problem in the developing world. On the contrary, it is a problem all over the world.
4. 附加关联词语引出附加的信息。常用的表示附加的词语有also, on top of something,
above all, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover等。
In some places, red indicates sadness, as in South Africa, where it is the color people wear when they mourn. In addition, red also has political meanings, as it has been used in the national flags of many countries, often to mean bravery. Our organization is working to raise money for the local homeless shelters. Furthermore, we are collecting clothing to give to those in need. 练习
一、单项选择。
1. I have got no interest in it; _______, I have lots of work to do. A. otherwise B. besides C. however D. therefore 2. _______ you go on trying, you will succeed some day. A. As soon as B. As far as
C. As long as D. As well as
3. Cook was a strict but good captain, _________ who, usually, took care of the sailors on his ship. A. the one
B. one
C. that
D. this
4. I couldn’t afford to rent a house like this, _________ buy it.
A. no longer B. no more than C. let alone D. instead 5. —You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. What’s wrong? —Oh, I’m suffering from a cold. Nothing serious, _________. A. though B. yet C. indeed D. anyway 6. The dog barked ________ it heard a noise.
A. where B. what C. when D. how 7. He worked ________ we played.
A. as B. as long as C. where D. what
8. ______ Professor Hawking stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope. A. Unless B. Now that C. Although D. The moment
9. She informed her husband ________ she arrived home.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. after D. what 10. I had _______ left when the quarrel started.
A. hardly B. soon C. because D. after
11. It must be very late, and I claim it ________ the streets are quite deserted. A. because B. so C. what D. when 12. ________ he sat up all night with the patient, the doctor looks tired and sleepy. A. But B. however C. Because D. After 13. I can’t tell you what he looks like _______ I have never met him. A. for B. however C. but D. when
14. The teacher is very strict with us, simply ________ he wants us to make rapid progress.
A. since B. because C. as D. when
15. He didn’t attend the meeting, not ________ he thought it was unimportant. A. for B. since C. because D. as 16. Do you despise him ________ he is poor?
A. since B. because C. as D. for 17. I was writing a letter ________ the telephone rang.
A. while B. as C. when D. though 18. Just ________ we left the house, it began to rain.
A. when B. as C. because D. although 19. Sneer unkindly ________ you may, John is very popular.
A. although B. though C. however D. but 20. Melbourn slammed the door ________ he awakened his mother.
A. so that B. but C. because D. however
二、动词填空。
1. _______ (lead) into the great hall, they received a warm welcome.
2. The book he referred to is said ____________ (translate) into English next year. 3. The teacher entered the room, ________________ (follow) by our monitor. 4. The wallet ________________ (lie) on the ground is not mine.
5. ________________ (not catch) what the teacher said, Bob raised his hand.
6. I ___________ (play) ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
7. Some animals, _______________ (include) some bears, only half-hibernate.
8. I didn’t really work here. I ______________ (help) out until the new secretary arrives.
9. Go on ______________ (do) the other exercise after you have finished this one. 10. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent, it is worth___________ (read) a second time.
三、句子翻译。
1. 小麦和大麦明天都要装船运走。
2. 这部车相当旧了，但机器性能还非常好。
3. 汤姆先生，要么我们处理这个案件，要么你处理。
4. 这个计划有某些缺点，不过我们还是决定采纳。
5. 它不仅不仁慈，而且不实在。
6. Hurry up, or else you’ll miss the late bus.
7. You must work hard; otherwise you will not learn English well.
8. There seemed no chance of coming to an agreement; therefore, it was decided to break off negotiations.
9. I’ll do it as you told me.
10. Sick as he was, he came to work.
四、句子改错。
1. Where all of you went after the game?
2. Who in the world on the phone at this late hour?
3. The office manager has been acting strange.
4. Her latest book about dogs has been sold well.