µÚһѧÆÚ·­Òë½Ì°¸

µÚÒ»½²£º·­Òë¸ÅÊö£ºÖйú·­ÒëÊ·¡¢·­ÒëµÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢±ê×¼¡¢Ä¿µÄºÍÒªÇó

I£®Teaching Purpose:

A. Understand the history of Chinese translation

B. Grasp the nature, standard, aim and requirement of translation II. Important and Difficult Points A. The nature of translation B. The standard of translation III. Teaching Method

Combine the explanation of teaching contents with students? exercise. IV. Teaching Contents

Ò»¡¢Öйú·­ÒëÊ·

ÖйúµÄ·­ÒëÒÑÓнü2000ÄêµÄÀúÊ·£¬³öÏÖ¹ýµÄ·­Òë¸ß³±´óÖÂÒ²ÓÐÎå´Î¡£ 1£®¶«ºº¡ª¡ªÌÆËΣ¬·ð¾­·­Ò루Translation of Buddhist Scripture£©£¬³öÏÖ¹ýÖйú·ð½ÌµÄÈý´ó·­Òë¼Ò£ºð¯Ä¦ÂÞʲ(Kumarajiva 344--413)¡¢ÕæÚÐ(Paramartha/Gunarata 499--569)¡¢ÐþÞÊ(Xuan Zang)¡£ð¯Ä¦ÂÞʲ£¬ÌìóÃÈË£¬¶«½úʱÀ´»ª£¬Òë¾­300¶à¾í£¬Ò»¸Ä¹ýÈ¥ÒôÒëµÄÈõµã£¬Ö÷ÕÅÒâÒ룬²¢³«µ¼ÒëÕßÊðÃû¡£ËûµÄÒëÖøÓС°ÌìÈ»Î÷ÓòÖ®ÓïȤ¡±£¬±í´ïÁËÔ­×÷Ö®ÉñÇ飬ΪÎÒ¹úµÄ·­ÒëÎÄѧµì¶¨ÁË»ù´¡¡£

ÕæÚУ¬Ó¡¶È·ð½ÌѧÕߣ¬Äϱ±³¯Ê±À´»ª£¬ÒëÁË49²¿¾­£¬ÖøÓС¶Éã´ó³ËÂÛ¡·£¬¶ÔÖйú·ð½Ì˼ÏëÓнϴóµÄÓ°Ïì¡£

ÐþÞÊ£¬ÌƳ¯ÈË£¬ÓÚ628ÄêÈ¥Ó¡¶ÈÇó¾­£¬17Äêºó»Ø¹ú£¬Ö÷³ÖÒ볡£¬19ÄêÒë³ö75²¿·ð¾­£¬ÇÒ°ÑÀÏ×ÓÖø×÷µÄÒ»²¿·ÖÒë³ÉèóÎÄ£¬ÊǵÚÒ»¸öÏò¹úÍâ½éÉܺºÎĵÄÖйúÈË¡£ËûµÄ·­Òë±ê×¼¡°¼ÈÐëÇóÕæ£¬ÓÖÐëÓ÷Ë× ¡±£¬Ö±µ½½ñÌìÈÔÓÐÒâÒå¡£ÓÉÓڷ𾭵ķ­Ò룬ʹ¡°·ð¾­¡±ºÍ¡°ÂÛ¡±Á½ÖÖÎÄÌå½øÈ뺺Óï¡£ 2£®Çå³õµÄÎ÷·½¿Æ¼¼Öø×÷µÄººÒëºÍÖйúµä¼®µÄÎ÷Òë¹¹³ÉÁËÖйú·­ÒëÊ·Éϵڶþ´Î¸ß³±¡£Ã÷ÍòÀúÄê¼äµ½Çå´ú¡°ÐÂѧ¡±Ê±ÆÚ£¬³öÏÖÁËÐì¹âÆôºÍÒâ´óÀûÈËÀûÂêñ¼£¨Matteo Ricci,1552¡ª1610£©ºÏ×÷·­ÒëµÄÅ·¼¸Àï¡¶¼¸ºÎÔ­±¾¡·¡¢¡¶²âÁ¿·¨Òå¡·µÈ¡£ÀûÂêñ¼×îÔ罫¡°ËÄÊ顱Òë³ÉÀ­¶¡ÎÄ¡£Öйú¾­µäºÍÈå¼Òѧ˵ͨ¹ýÒâ´óÀûºÍ·¨¹ú´«½ÌÊ¿µÄ·­ÒëÓë½éÉÜ£¬ÏȺóÓÐÁËÀ­¶¡Îĺͷ¨ÎÄÒë±¾£¬Á÷´«µ½Å·ÖÞ֪ʶ½çºÍÉϲãÉç»á¡£ 3£®Èý´Î¸ß³±ÊÇÎåËÄÒÔǰ¶ÔÎ÷·½ÕþÖΡ¢ÕÜѧºÍÎÄѧ×÷Æ·µÄ·­Òë¡£Ñϸ´ÒëÁË¡¶ÌìÑÝÂÛ¡·£¬ÆäÖС°ÎᄎÌìÔñ£¬ÊÊÕßÉú´æ¡±µÄÒªÒ壬¼¤ÀøÖйú½ü´úµÄÈÊÈË־ʿÃǽøÐÐÁËÃñÖ÷¸ïÃü¡£Ëû»¹Ìá³öÖøÃûµÄ¡°ÐÅ¡¢´ï¡¢ÑÅ¡±·­Òë±ê×¼¡£ÁÖç£ÒÔÎÄÑÔÎÄÒëµÄ160¶à²¿ÎÄѧ×÷Æ·£¬¼¤Æð¹ýºÜ¶àÖйúÏÖ´úÈ˶ÔÓÚÍâ¹úÎÄѧµÄÐËȤ¡£

4£®ËĴθ߳±ÊÇÎåËÄÔ˶¯Ö®ºó£¬ÂíÁÐÖ÷ÒåÔÚÖйúµÃµ½Òë½éºÍ´«²¥£¬ÖÐÍâÎÄ»¯µÄ½»Á÷ÒÔǰËùδÓеĹã¶ÈºÍÉî¶ÈµÃÒÔ·¢Õ¹¡£ÒÔÀî´óîÈΪ´ú±íµÄÏȽø·Ö×Ó¿ªÊ¼½ÓÊܲ¢Òë½éÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷Òå¡£1920Äê³ÂÍûµÀ·­Òë¡¶¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡·ÔÚÖйúÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÖø×÷µÄ´«²¥Ê·ÉÏÕ¼ÓÐÖØÒªµØÎ»¡£Ò»´óÅúÐÂÎÄ»¯Ô˶¯µÄ´´µ¼Õß¹ùÄ­Èô¡¢Â³Ñ¸¡¢öÄÇï°×¡¢³Â¶ÀÐãµÈÏȺóÒë½éÁËÍâ¹úÏÖʵÖ÷Òå¼°ÆäËûÁ÷ÅɵÄ×÷Æ·¡£ÕâЩ×÷Æ·µÄ·­Ò룬¿ªÖйúÏÖ´ú·­ÒëÎÄѧ֮ÏȺӡ£1949ÄêÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú½¨¹úÖ®³õºóµÄÊ®¼¸Ä꣬ÎÒ¹ú¶ÔÂíÁÐÖø×÷µÄººÒëºÍ¡¶Ã«Ôó¶«Ñ¡¼¯¡·Ãñ×å¾­Îļ°ÍâÎĵķ­ÒëͶÈëÁË´óÁ¿µÄÈËÁ¦£¬ÎªÎÒ¹ú·­ÒëÊÂÒµ»ýÀÛÁ˱¦¹óµÄ¾­Ñ顣ͬʱ£¬Ò²´óÁ¿·­ÒëºÍ³ö°æÁËËÕÁªÓëÈËÃñÃñÖ÷¹ú¼ÒµÄÎÄѧ×÷Æ·¡£ 5£®µÚÎå¸ß³±ÊÇ1978¸Ä¸ï¿ª·Åºó¿ªÊ¼µÄÎ÷·½Ñ§ÊõÖø×÷ºÍÎÄÒÕ×÷Æ·µÄ´óÁ¿·­Òë¡£Óë´ËÏà¶ÔÕÕµÄÊÇÖйú×÷Æ·Òë³ÉÍâÎÄÁ¿ÉÙÖʵ׵ľÖÃæ¡£ÖйúÎÄѧ×÷Æ·Ö®ËùÒÔÉÐδ±»Åµ±´¶û½±³ÐÈÏ£¬Ô­ÒòÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇ×÷Æ·µÄ·­ÒëÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâ¡£°Í½ð¡¶¼Ò¡·¡¢Éò´ÓÎÄ¡¶±ß³Ç¡·£¬ÒëÎÄÔã¸â£»ÆÀί²»¶®ÖÐÎÄ£¬¿¿Òë±¾

1

Á˽âÔ­Öø£»´¨¶Ë¿µ³É´øÕß×Ô¼º×÷Æ·µÄÒëÕßÈ¥Áì½±¡£ ¶þ¡¢·­ÒëµÄÐÔÖÊ 1£® ·­ÒëµÄ¶¨Òå

1.1Ó¢¹úThe Oxford English Dictionary ¶¨Ò壺to turn from one language into another.

1.2 ÃÀ¹ú Webster¡¯s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language(Τʽбà¹ú¼ÊÓ¢Óï´Êµä)£ºto turn into one?s own or another language 1£®3¡¶´Çº£¡·¡¢¡¶ººÓï´ó´Êµä¡·£º°ÑÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔÎÄ×ÖµÄÒâÒåÓÃÁíÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔÎÄ×Ö±í´ï³öÀ´¡£ 1£®4 ÃÀ·­ÒëÀíÂÛ¼ÒÓȽñ¡¤Äδï(Euqene Nide)µÄ·­Òë¸ÅÄTranslating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.

·­ÒëÊÇÖ¸ÔÚÒëÓïÖÐÓÃ×îÇнü¶øÓÖ×ÔÈ»µÄ¶ÔµÈÓïÔÙÏÖÔ­ÓïµÄÐÅÏ¢¡ª¡ªÊ×ÏÈÔÚÓïÒåÉÏ£¬Æä´ÎÊÇÎÄÌåÉÏ¡£

Õâ¸ö¶¨ÒåºÜºÃµØËµÃ÷ÁË·­Òë»î¶¯µÄʵÖÊ£¬ÓëÆäËû¶¨ÒåÏà±È£¬ËüÓÐÈý¸öÓŵ㣺£¨1£©Ã÷È·µØËµÃ÷ÁËÒªÒëµÄÊÇʲô£¨ÐÅÏ¢£¬message£©£»£¨2£©°µÊ¾ÁËÓÉÓÚÓïÑÔÎÄ»¯ÉϵIJîÒ죬ԭÎĺÍÒëÎÄÖ»ÄÜ×÷µ½Ïà¶ÔµÄ¶ÔµÈ£¨closest£©£»£¨3£©¿¼ÂÇÁËÒëÎĵĿɽÓÊÜÐÔ(natural)¡£ ÀýÈ磬±È½ÏÒÔÏÂÁ½¾ä»°µÄÒë·¨£º He is a fox. ËûÊÇÒ»Ö»½Æ»«µÄºüÀê¡£ She is a cat. ËýÊǸö°ü²Ø»öÐĵÄÅ®ÈË¡£

µÚ¶þ¾ä»°µÄººÒ룬ÒâÒåÊÇÓÐËðʧµÄ£¬ÒòΪÎ÷·½´«ËµÖУ¬Ã¨ÊÇħ¹íµÄ»¯Éí¡¢ÊÇÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÎׯŵÄÊØ»¤¾«Á飬ÕâÒ»µã¶ÔÓÚººÓï¶ÁÕßÀ´ËµÊÇİÉúµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÒëÎÄÉáÆúÁË¡°Ã¨¡±Õâ¸öÐÎÏó¶ø½ö½öÒë³öËüµÄÓ÷Òå¡£ËäÈ»Ïà¶ÔÓÚÔ­ÎÄÐÅÏ¢¶øÑÔ£¬ººÒëÎÞÒɲ¢²»¡°ÍêÕû¡±£¬µ«ÔÚ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬¶¼Ö»ÄÜÕâôÒë¡£

Èý¡¢·­ÒëµÄ±ê×¼

1£®Ó¢¹ú·­Òë¼ÒÌ©ÌØÀÕ(Alexander F.Tytler) Ìá³öÈýÔ­Ôò£º1. That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 3. That the translation should have all the ease of original composition.£¨Ò»¡¢Òë×÷Ó¦ÍêÈ«¸´Ð´³öÔ­×÷µÄ˼Ï룻 ¶þ¡¢Òë×÷µÄ·ç¸ñºÍÊÖ·¨Ó¦ºÍÔ­×÷ÊôÓÚͬһÐÔÖÊ£» Èý¡¢Òë×÷Ó¦¾ß±¸Ô­´´×÷Æ·µÄͨ˳¡££©¡°ÈýÔ­Ôò¡±ÒªÇóÒëÎÄ´ÓÈý·½ÃæÖÒʵÓÚÔ­×÷£ºÒ»ÊÇÖÒʵµØ´«´ïÔ­×÷µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬¶þÊÇÖÒʵµØÕ¹Ê¾Ô­×÷µÄ·ç¸ñ£¬ÈýÊÇÖÒʵµØÌåÏÖÔ­´´×÷Æ·µÄͨ˳¡£

2£®ÖйúµÄ´«Í³·­ÒëÀíÂÛ£º ¸µÀס°ÉñËÆ¡±£»Ç®ÖÓÊé¡°»¯¾³¡±£»Ñϸ´¡°ÐÅ´ïÑÅ¡±

3£®·­ÒëµÄ±ê×¼¡£·­ÒëÒª½â¾öµÄ¸ù±¾ÎÊÌâÔÚ£ºÒ»¡¢·­ÒëµÄ¸ù±¾ÈÎÎñÊÇ¡°±£´æÔ­×÷µÄ·ç×Ë¡±£¨Â³Ñ¸£©£¬¡°ÖÒʵµØ´«´ïÔ­×÷µÄÄÚÈݺͷç¸ñ¡±£¨Ã©¶Ü£©£¬¡°ÍêÈ«±£´æÔ­×÷µÄ·çζ¡±£¨Ç®ÖÓÊ飩£»¶þ¡¢Íê³ÉÕâ¸ù±¾ÈÎÎñÐèÒª½â¾öµÄÖ÷Ҫì¶ÜÊÇ¡°Á¦ÇóÆäÒ׽⡱£¨Â³Ñ¸£©£¬¡°´¿´âµÄ׿¹úµÄÓïÑÔ¡±£¨Ã©¶Ü£©£¬¡°²»ÒòÓïÎÄϰ¹ßµÄ²îÒì¶øÂ¶³öÉúӲǣǿµÄºÛ¼£¡±£¨Ç®ÖÓÊ飩¡£¼´½â¾ö¡°ÖÒʵ¡±ºÍ¡°Í¨Ë³¡±µÄÎÊÌâ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÎÒÃǰѡ°ÖÒʵ¶øÍ¨Ë³¡±ÊÓΪ·­ÒëµÄ»ù±¾±ê×¼£»Èç¹ûÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉÏ»¹Äܳä·Ö´«´ï³öÔ­×÷µÄÉñÔÏ£¬Ôò¿ÉÊÓΪ·­ÒëµÄ×î¸ß±ê×¼¡£

3£®1 ¡°ÖÒʵ¡±Ö¸ 1£©ÖÒʵԭ×÷µÄ˼ÏëÄÚÈÝ£ºÍ¨³£Ö¸×÷Æ·ÖÐËùÐðÊöµÄÊÂʵ¡¢ËµÃ÷µÄÊÂÀí¡¢ÃèдµÄ¾°ÎÒÔ¼°×÷ÕßÔÚÐðÊö¡¢ËµÃ÷¡¢ÃèдµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐËù·´Ó³µÄÁ¢³¡¹Ûµã£¬ËùÁ÷¶µÄ˼Ïë¸ÐÇé¡£2£©±£³ÖÔ­×÷µÄ·ç¸ñ£º°üÀ¨Ô­×÷µÄÃñ×å·ç¸ñ¡¢Ê±´ú·ç¸ñ¡¢ÓïÌå·ç¸ñ£¬ÒÔ¼°×÷Õ߸öÈ˵ķç¸ñ¡£ 3£®2 ¡°Í¨Ë³¡±Ö¸ÒëÎÄÓïÑÔ±ØÐëͨ˳Ò×¶®£¬ºÏºõ¹æ·¶¡£¡°ÀíÏëµÄÒëÎķ·ðÊÇÔ­×÷ÕßµÄÖÐÎÄд×÷¡£¡±£¨¸µÀ×£©ÒëÎĵÄͨ˳¶È»¹Òª×¢ÒâÓëÔ­ÎĵÄͨ˳¶ÈÏàÒ»Ö£¬¼´²»ÒªËðº¦Ô­ÎĵÄÒì¹úÇéµ÷¡£È磺¡¶ÐÄÁéµÄ¼¤Çé¡·Ò»ÊéµÄУÕßÔøÌ¸µ½ËûУ¸Ä¸ÃÊé³õÒë¸åʱ£¬¸Ðµ½Í·Ì۵ij£³£ÊÇÄÇЩ¶ÔÎÄ»¯Çéµ÷

2

ÉϵIJîÒì¸ÐÊܳٶÛËùÔì³ÉµÄÎÊÌâ¡£Óм¸¸öÒëÕßÓõÄÍùÍù²»ÊÇ ¡°¡¶Ë®ä°¡·ÓïÑÔ¡±¾ÍÊÇ¡°¡¶Î÷Ïá¡·ÓïÑÔ¡±£¬ÀýÈ磺¡°ËûϵÃɽÀ´£¬×ß½«¹ýÈ¥¡°¡£ÃèдάҲÄɽü½¼É­ÁÖÖÜΧ½ÚÈÕ¾°ÏóµÄ* ¡°²èÂ¥¾ÆËÁ¡¢»¨Ç°ÔÂÏ¡±µÈ¡£ÓÐÒ»¶Îдµ½Á½¸öÈËÔÚÒ»¼Ò¾ÆµêÀﻮȭ£¬ÒªÊÌÕßÄÃÖ½À´¼ÇϽá¹û¡£ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÈË·Ô¸Àµ½£ºBoy, fetch me a pen and a piece of paper. Õâ¾ä»°¾¹±»Òë³ÉÁË*¡°µêС¶þ£¬ÇÒÄÃÖ½±ÊÀ´£¬Ò»±ßËźò¡£¡±

3£®3 ¡°ÖÒʵ¡±Ó롰ͨ˳¡±µÄ¹ØÏµ£ºÒ»¸öì¶ÜÌåµÄÁ½¸ö·½Ã棬¶þÕßÏศÏà³É£¬²»¿É¸îÁÑ¡£ÖØÊÓ¶ø²»Í¨Ë³£¬¶ÁÕß¿´²»¶®£¬»òÕß¿´²»ÏÂÈ¥£¬ÖÒʵ±ãʧȥÒâÒ壬ʵ¼ÊÉϾÍÊDz»ÖÒʵ£»Í¨Ë³¶ø²»ÖÒʵ£¬¶ÁÕßµ¹¿ÉÒÔ¿´ÏÂÈ¥£¬µ«È´ÊDZ»ÍáÇúµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÆäΣº¦±ÈÖÒʵ¶ø²»Í¨Ë³»¹ÒªÑÏÖØ¡£ÖÒʵÓëͨ˳¶þÕßÒ»¶¨Òª¼æ¹Ë£¬£¬²¢ÇÒÒª°ÑÎպ÷ִ硣

ÖÒʵÊÇ·­ÒëµÄÊ×ÒªÎÊÌ⣬Òò¶øÊÇì¶ÜµÄÖ÷Òª·½Ã棬ÔÚ·­ÒëÖÐÊ×ÏÈÒª½â¾öºÃ¡£ 4£®·­ÒëµÄ½Ìѧ±ê×¼£º¡¶¸ßµÈѧУӢÓïרҵ¸ßÄê¼¶Ó¢Óï½Ìѧ´ó¸Ù¡·¹æ¶¨£¬Ó¢Ò뺺¡¢ººÒëÓ¢µÄÆÀ¹ÀÏîÄ¿·Ö¡°ÖÒʵ¡¢Í¨Ë³¡±Á½Ïî¡£¡°ÖÒʵ¡±¾ßÌå²ûÊöΪ¡°Ô­ÎĵÄÐÅϢȫ²¿´«´ï£¬ÓïÆøºÍÎÄÌå·ç¸ñÓëÔ­ÎÄÏàÒ»Ö¡±£»¡°Í¨Ë³¡±¾ßÌå²ûÊöΪ¡°¶Ï¾äÇ¡µ±£¬¾äʽÕýÈ·£¬Ñ¡´ÊÍ×Ìû¡£¶ÎÂäÖ®¼ä¡¢¾ä×ÓÖ®¼äºôÓ¦×ÔÈ»£¨Ó¢Ò뺺£©¡±£»¡°¾äʽ´¦ÀíÇ¡µ±£¬Ñ¡´ÊÍ×Ìû£¬Ó¢Óï±È½ÏµØµÀ£¨ººÒëÓ¢£©¡±¡£°´°Ù·Ö¼Æ£¬¡°ÖÒʵ¡±Îª60%£¬¡°Í¨Ë³¡±Îª40%¡£ ËÄ¡¢·­ÒëµÄÄ¿µÄºÍÒªÇó

i. ·­ÒëµÄÄ¿µÄ£º·­Òë×÷ΪһÖÖÉç»áÐÐΪ£¬²¢²»ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´¿ÓïÑÔ»ò´¿ÎÄ»¯µÄÎÊÌ⣬Ëü

µÄ×îÖÕÄ¿µÄÔÚÓÚʵÓ㬼´±ØÐë´ïµ½½»Á÷ÐÅÏ¢µÄÄ¿µÄ¡£ ii. ·­ÒëµÄÒªÇó£º1£©½ÏºÃµÄÍâÓïÓïÑÔÄÜÁ¦£ºÁ¼ºÃµÄÓ﷨֪ʶ¡¢´ó´Ê»ãÁ¿¼°ÁìÎò¡¢

¼øÉÍ¡¢×ۺϷÖÎöÄÜÁ¦¡£ 2£©¾ßÓнϺõĺºÓïÓïÑÔ¹¦µ×¡£3£©Óй㲩µÄ֪ʶ£¬ÖªÊ¶Ãæ¿íÊÇÆ½Ê±Ò»µãÒ»µÎµÄ»ýÀÛ£¬Ëü¾ö¶¨×ÅÒëÎĵÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍ·­ÒëµÄËÙ¶È¡£4£©ÒëÕß񻄿³ÉÈÏÕæ¸ºÔð¡¢Ç«Ðé½÷É÷µÄѧ·ç¡£ÐéÐÄÏò·­Òë¸ßÊÖѧϰ£¬ÎüÈ¡ËûÃǵľ­ÑéºÍ¼¼ÇÉ£¬²»¶ÏÌá¸ß×Ô¼ºµÄ·­Òëˮƽ¡£

iii. ´óѧӢÓï½Ìѧ¶Ô·­ÒëµÄÒªÇó£ºÄܽèÖú´Êµä½«ÓйصÄÓ¢ÓïÎÄÕÂÒë³ÉººÓÀí½âÕý

È·£¬ÒëÎÄ´ïÒ⣬ÒëËÙΪÿСʱ350Ó¢Óïµ¥´Ê¡£ÄܽèÖú´Êµä½«ÄÚÈÝÊìϤµÄÓйØ×¨ÒµµÄººÓïÎÄ×Ö²ÄÁÏÒë³ÉÓ¢ÓÄÚÈÝÍêÕû£¬ÒëÎÄ´ïÒ⣬ÓïÑÔͨ˳£¬ÒëËÙΪÿСʱ300-350ºº×Ö¡£

V. Exercise: translate the following sentences into Chinese

˼¿¼Ì⣺

Ò»¡¢ÎÒ¹ú·­ÒëÊÂÒµµÄÀúÊ·Óжà¾Ã£¿Ë­ÊÇÎÒ¹ú¹Å´ú·ð¾­Èý´ó·­Òë¼Ò£¿ ¶þ¡¢ÐþÞʶÔÎÒ¹ú·­ÒëÊÂÒµÓÐЩʲô¹±Ï×£¿ Èý¡¢ÈçºÎÀí½âÑϸ´µÄ¡°ÐÅ¡¢´ï¡¢ÑÅ¡±£¿ ËÄ¡¢¡°ÎåËÄ¡±Ê±ÆÚ·­Ò빤×÷µÄÌØµãÊÇʲô£¿

Î塢³Ѹ¡¢öÄÇï°×¶Ô·­Ò빤×÷Ìá³öÁËЩʲô¿´·¨£¿

¿ÎºóÁ·Ï° ÏÂÁз­ÒëÓв»ÖÒʵ¡¢²»Í¨Ë³µÄµØ·½£¬ÇëÖ¸³öÀ´¡£

One of the things we have to understand about Japanese society is its gender structure, a structure similar to what the United States had in the 1950s. Women do all the domestic labor. Men are in the factories and shops and they?re working long hours, but they don?t do much work when they come home. They don?t take care of children, they don?t do housework, cooking, etc. In the U.S. there are both men and women in the work force and both men and women at home. Japanese workers may work longer in the marketplace, but you have to calculate the total amount of work that people do to figure out how hard people are working and how much leisure time they have.

3

ÎÒÃDZØÐëÁ˽âÈÕ±¾Éç»áµÄÒ»¸öÌØµã£¬ÄǾÍÊÇËüµÄÐÔ±ð½á¹¹£¬ÀàËÆÃÀ¹úÎåÊ®Äê´úµÄ½á¹¹¡£¸¾Å®°üÀ¿È«²¿¼ÒÎñÀͶ¯£¬ÄÐÈ˵½¹¤³§¡¢É̵êÉϰ࣬¹¤×÷ʱ¼äºÜ³¤£¬µ«»Øµ½¼ÒÀï¾Í²»¸É¶àÉÙ»îÁË¡£ËûÃDz»¿´¹Üº¢×Ó£¬²»×ö¼ÒÎñÊ£¬²»×ö·¹£¬µÈµÈ¡£ÔÚÃÀ¹ú£¬ÓкܶàÄÐÈ˺ÍÅ®È˶¼ÔÚÀͶ¯´ó¾üÖ®ÁУ¬Ò²Óж¼ÔÚ¼ÒÀïµÄ¡£ÈÕ±¾¹¤ÈË¿ÉÄÜÔÚÊг¡À﹤×÷µÄʱ¼ä½Ï³¤£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒÃÇÔÚ¹À¼ÆÈËÃǹ¤×÷µÄÐÁ¿à³Ì¶ÈÒÔ¼°ËûÃÇÓжàÉÙÏÐϾʱ£¬±ØÐë°ÑÕû¸ö¹¤×÷Á¿¶¼¼ÆËã½øÈ¥¡£

4

µÚ¶þ½²£º·­ÒëµÄ¹ý³Ì

I£®Teaching Purpose:

Understand the three steps of translation process II. Important and Difficult Points A. the first step ---understanding B. the second step---expressing III. Teaching Method

The teacher briefly introduces the characteristics of the translation process by giving some examples. Then the students are asked to do some exercises. IV. Teaching Contents

·­ÒëÊÇÔËÓÃÁ½ÖÖÓïÑԵĸ´ÔÓ¹ý³Ì£¬ÊÇÕýÈ·Àí½âÔ­Îĺʹ´ÔìÐÔµØÓÃÁíÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔÔÙÏÖÔ­ÎĵĹý³Ì£¬´óÌå¿É·ÖΪÀí½â¡¢±í´ï¡¢Ð£ºËÈý¸ö½×¶Î¡£

Àí½âÊDZí´ïµÄǰÌᣬ²»ÄÜÕýÈ·µØÀí½â¾Í̸²»ÉÏÈ·Çеرí´ï£¬µ«Àí½âºÍ±í´ïÊÇ»¥ÏàÁªÏµÍù·µ·´¸´µÄͳһ¹ý³Ì£¬ÔÚÀí½âʱÒÑ×Ô¾õ»ò²»×Ô¾õµØÌôÑ¡±í´ïµÄÊֶΣ»ÔÚ±í´ïµÄʱºò£¬Àí½âÓֵõ½½øÒ»²½¼ÓÉî¡£

Àí½â£º

Àí½âÖ÷Ҫͨ¹ýÔ­ÎĵÄÉÏÏÂÎÄÀ´½øÐУ¬ÒëÕßͨ¹ýÉÏÏÂÎĵĹØÏµÖÐ̽ÇóÕýÈ·µÄÒë·¨¡£ÕâÀïËù˵µÄÉÏÏÂÎÄ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÒ»¸ö¾ä×Ó£¬Ò»¸ö¶ÎÂ䣬һÕ¡¢Ò»½Ú£¬È«ÎÄÄËÖÁÈ«Ê顣͸³¹Àí½âÔ­ÎÄ£¬±ØÐë×¢ÒâÒÔϼ¸µã£º

£¨Ò»£© Àí½âÓïÑÔÏÖÏó

ÒëÕß±ØÐëÉÏÏÂÓÐÁªÏµµØÀí½âÔ­ÎĵĴʻ㺬Òå¡¢¾ä·¨½á¹¹ºÍ¹ßÓ÷¨µÈ¡£ÀýÈ磺

1 Suddenly the line went limp. ¡°I?m going back,¡± said Kurth, ¡°We must have a break somewhere. Wait for me. I?ll be back in five minutes.¡± ¡°break¡±¿ÉÒÔÊÇ¡°ÐÝÏ¢¡±£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÇ¡°¶Ï¡±¡£¸ù¾ÝÉÏÏÂÎÄÅжϣ¬ÕâÀïÖ»ÄÜÊǺóÕß¡£Òò´ËÓ¦ÒëΪ£º

¡°µçÏßͻȻÞÇÀ­ÁËÏÂÀ´¡£¡±¿â¶û˼˵£¬¡°ÎÒ»ØÈ¥¿´¿´¡£Ò»¶¨ÊÇÄĸöµØ·½¶ÏÁË¡£ÉԵȣ¬ÎÒÎå·ÖÖӾͻØÀ´¡£¡±

2 It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.

¸Ã¾äÒý×ÔÄá¿ËËÉ1972Äêд¸ø²¡Î£µÄÃÀ¹úÖøÃû¼ÇÕß˹ŵοÎÊÐÅ¡£ÓÐÈ˰Ñto know that¡­.appreciatedµ±×÷will strengthenµÄ×´Óï¶ÌÓËùÒÔÒëΪ¡°ÕâÑù»áʹÄã¸ü¼ÓÈÏʶµ½ÄãµÄ½Ü³öµÄÊÂÒµÊÇÈç´ËµØÊܵ½ÈËÃǵÄ×ð¾´ºÍÔÞÉÍ¡±¡£Æäʵ£¬ÕâÊǸö²»¶¨Ê½¶ÌÓӦ¸ÃÊǾä×ÓµÄÖ÷ÓÓÉÏÈÐдÊit´ú±íÁË¡£¶Ô¾ä×ӽṹȱ·¦ÕýÈ··ÖÎö£¬ÒÔÖÂÀí½â´íÎ󣬱í´ï´íÎ󡣸þäÓ¦ÒëΪ£º

¡°µ±ÄúÈÏʶÄúµÄ½Ü³öÊÂÒµÊÇÈç´Ë¹ã·ºµØÊܵ½ÈËÃǵÄ×ð¾´ºÍÔÞÉÍʱ£¬Äú¾Í»áΪ×Ô¼ºÔöÌíÁ¦Á¿¡£¡±

3 John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already three years since he was a bandmaster

.Ô¼º²ÏÖÓ븸ĸͬסÔÚŦԼÊУ»Ëû²»µ£ÈÎÀÖ¶ÓÖ¸»ÓÒѾ­ÈýÄêÁË¡£

Èç²»Àí½âsinceÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öϵĹßÓ÷¨£¬¼´since ´Ó¾äÖеĹýȥʽÁªÏµ¶¯´Êwas»òwere ÊÇÖ¸Ò»ÖÖ״̬µÄ½áÊø£¬¾Í»á°ÑËüÒë³É¡°-----Ëûµ£ÈÎÀÖ¶ÓÖ¸»ÓÒÑÓÐÈýÄêÁË¡£¡±ºÍÔ­ÎÄÒâ˼ǡǡÏà·´¡£

5

ÁªÏµ¿Í·þ£º779662525#qq.com(#Ìæ»»Îª@) ËÕICP±¸20003344ºÅ-4