2019年自考《美国文学选读》试题及答案
1、The Colonial Period (1607-1765)
American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)
北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响(metaphysical) 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源
3、American Romanticism（end of 18 th to the civil war )
American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.
早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小说
James Fenimore Cooper 历史，冒险，边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏
William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl>美国山水，讴歌大自然，歌颂美国生活现实 Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)
He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story. Ralph
Waldo
Emerson---The
chief
spokesman
of
New
England Transcendentalism
American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance” ) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点 Henry David Thoreau------ Walden
he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.
小说家：Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》
Melville 怀疑，悲观，sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗
诗人Longfellow《 I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌
Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ) 《Leaves of Grass》《 One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty 4、 The Age of Realism
James upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of man
Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.
Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism
American Naturalism 自然主义(新型现实)
Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic Theodore
Dreiser;Sister
Carrie;Jennie
Gerhardt;An
American
Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)
O.Henry (William Sydney Porter)：The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem
Jack London：The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden
5、 The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)
The Roaring Twenties ，The Jazz Age ，“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot) 现代主义小说家
F. Scott Fitzgerald：《The Great Gatsby》 被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征，以美国梦American Dream为主线。
Hemingway迷惘一代Iceberg Principle (Theory):The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
《The Sun Also Rises 1926》《The Old Man and the Sea 》
William Faulkner ：Yoknapatawpha Country---以故乡为原型虚构南方贵